Aston-cum Aughton Parish Council forms part of the Borough of Rotherham Metropolitan District in South Yorkshire. It has a population of around 15000 and is an independent corporate body originally created in 1894.

Civil parishes in their modern sense were established afresh in 1894, by the Local
Government Act 1894. The Act abolished vestries and established elected parish councils, Aston-cum-Aughton being one, in rural civil parishes. They were created to reinvigorate local communities and give them a voice. The functions of local government, the civil parish, were formally separated from those of the Church, whose functions were covered by Parochial Church Councils. These new parish councils were grouped into rural districts.